Niccolo Machiavelli

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy, was a Renaissance political philosopher, statesman, and writer. He is best known for his political treatise, "The Prince" (“Il Principe”), written in 1513, which is often regarded as one of the most significant political writings in Western history. "The Prince" provides pragmatic and sometimes controversial advice to new rulers on how to maintain power and control, emphasizing the occasional need for cunning, duplicity, and ruthlessness.

Machiavelli's career in Florence’s turbulent political climate began in earnest when he entered public service in 1498, serving as a diplomat for the Florentine Republic. His numerous diplomatic missions across Europe allowed him to observe different political systems and leaders first-hand. However, Machiavelli's fortunes waned with the return of the Medici family to power in 1512. Accused of conspiracy, he was imprisoned and subjected to torture but eventually released and retired to private life.

During his retirement, Machiavelli remained prolific, writing not only "The Prince" but also other significant works such as "Discourses on Livy," a treatise on republican governance, and “The Art of War”, a study on military strategy. Machiavelli died on June 21, 1527, leaving behind a legacy as a foundational figure in modern political theory.