Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo, born on February 26, 1802, in Besançon, France, emerged as one of the foremost literary figures of the 19th century. Renowned for his profound impact on French literature, Hugo's oeuvre encompasses a broad range of genres, including novels, poetry, and plays. His early works, such as "Odes et Ballades" (1826), showcased his lyrical prowess and garnered critical acclaim.

Hugo's enduring fame largely stems from his novels "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" (1831) and "Les Misérables" (1862). "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" brought attention to the plight of the marginalized and the preservation of Gothic architecture, while "Les Misérables" delved into themes of justice, mercy, and societal reform. A staunch advocate for social causes, Hugo used his literary voice to condemn capital punishment and advocate for human rights.

Politically active, Hugo was elected to the French National Assembly in 1848 and later became an outspoken critic of Emperor Napoleon III, leading to his exile to Guernsey from 1855 to 1870. Even in exile, his work continued to resonate deeply across Europe. Hugo returned to France as a national hero and continued to write until his death on May 22, 1885. His funeral drew millions, cementing his legacy as a pivotal figure in both literature and civic activism.